Low-code and modular programming environments are transforming PLC programming, with vendors providing pre-packaged libraries and objects that eliminate traditional IEC-61131-3 style coding, allowing ...

Rick] had a problem. His garage refrigerator was tasked with a critical duty—keeping refreshing beverages at low temperature.

Imagine coming home on a chilly winter evening and instantly feeling a warm embrace from your room heater. Whether you’re relaxing, working, or spending time with family, the right heater transforms ...

Abstract: For electrified transportation applications, the winding insulation of an electric machine (EM) is often thermally aged by variable temperature profiles (TPs). Considering the ...

Abstract: An essential component of the activated sludge method for wastewater treatment is the stable control of the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. However, the actuator failure and unavoidable ...